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Sunday, 2 April 2017

MUSIC IN WORSHIP


Written in response to an online discussion involving music in worship following a video presentation on the same subject. See the following link to view this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ug_I9O1sHGI

Greetings

Excellent discussion Rodney…. It really got me thinking about the issue of music in worship. A few points to consider, which I think could add to the discussion.

One, we were admonished in the Psalms to "make a joyful noise unto the LORD" (Ps. 98:4 & Ps. 100). This is quite self-explanatory.

Two, after Pharaoh and his army were destroyed in the Red Sea, Moses and the Israelites sang a new song unto the LORD, and Miriam, sister of Moses and Aaron, along with the women, sang and danced with timbrels (tambourines) in hand (Exodus 15:1-21). Moreover, in the last days of Moses’ life, God told Moses to write a song, commonly called, "The Song of Moses", both as a prophetic witness of God’s faithfulness and of Israel’s future apostasy (Deuteronomy 32:1-43). Thus, singing here had both a solemn and prophetic purpose.

Three, King David rejoiced before the LORD with all his might at seeing the return of the Ark of the LORD to Jerusalem. All Israel celebrated, as David did, with instruments (2 Samuel 6:1-6 & 12:23). Note David’s response to Michal’s criticism of his seemingly undignified conduct in worshiping God, "It was before the LORD" (vs. 21), and not done unto men. Nor was it done out of selfish motives.

Remember, brother, when the apostle Paul admonished the churches to worship in psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs in Ephesians 5:18-19 and Colossians 3:16, he pointed out, among other things, that "singing and making melody to the Lord with your heart" can be done in various styles, methods, compositions, and arrangements. Hence, the mention here of psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs. No one style, method, or genre of praise and or worship can be reasonably considered the only true way of worship and praise to God. Indeed, our Lord, Christ Jesus, enlightened the Samaritan woman to the fact that, "true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth" (John 4:21-24). This should be our only spiritual litmus test of what is acceptable in worship to God Almighty. 

I assure you my friend; this will remain an ongoing debate for some time to come. Allow the Holy Spirit, the Spirit of Truth (John 16:13, Romans 8:14-15 & Galatians 5:1, 10-26), to be your eternal guide.

If the concern is about the style or genre of music and use of instruments in worship, then this will vary based on cultural differences. Not all cultures are the same. Therefore, what is acceptable will have to be based upon the principles of the Holy Scriptures and not on our individual cultural biases. Furthermore, singing or music is different from prophesying, preaching, evangelizing, and teaching. Music is a universal language, expressing feelings and ideas through the medium of sound, with or without instruments.

Paul, in his comparison of using instruments in battle or to make music with the then contentious issue of tongues versus prophesy (1 Corinthians 14:7-8), reminded the early church to strive for clarity, understanding, peace, order, and for that which edifies the church (vs. 9-12, 26, 33 & 40).

The caution must always be to avoid making the same catastrophic mistake Lucifer, an Archangel who dwelled in the very presence of God, made (Isaiah 14:11-15 & Ezekiel 28:1-19). Here we see that Lucifer’s heart was filled with pride after considering his own beauty.

As for expressiveness in worship, it is virtually impossible to worship, whether God or idol, without expressing some degree of feeling. God also expresses feelings. God can have differing feelings towards His creation (Genesis 6:5-8, Psalm 147:11, Isaiah 12:3, Jeremiah 8:18-9:3, Hosea 11, Zephaniah 3:17 & Romans 2:29). Expressing feelings also make us human. As creatures made in His image and likeness (Genesis 1:26), we too share this special characteristic with our Creator.

Additionally, consideration should be given to those biblical references, which speak of worship in Heaven (Revelation 4:6-11, 5:8-14, 15:2-3 & 19:5-7). Note, the intensity, reverence, loudness, thunderous proclamations, exhilaration, and passion involved. Not to mention the repetitious nature of specific declarations of adorations unto God, such as those mentioned in Revelation 4:6-11. Are the repeated words and actions of the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders, who worship God day and night with the same words and actions, to be considered vain repetition? Not if God is pleased with it. I believe worship involves lifestyle devotion and service to God and does not always involve music and or singing.

Four, one should also take into account Paul’s caution to those believers who seek to pass judgment on fellow believers over disputable matters (Romans 14, 15:1-13). While the apostle here was speaking specifically of food and appointed days of worship, I believe the principles addressed by Paul can also be applied to the issue of music as well. What God wants for His church is for us to be united in love. This was Christ’s solemn High Priestly-Prayer-of-Oneness for His church (John 17). That we should be one with each other, even as we strive to be one with the Godhead (the Triune God), is a divine priority.

Finally, let us respond to the Lord our God with praise for His mighty acts and greatness, with singing, dancing and instruments as the psalmist exhorts us (Psalm 150). Yes, without contradiction, let us praise and worship the LORD in spirit and truth. Amen.

OOW
2017

Sunday, 26 March 2017

Literature: The Young Warriors

V. S. Reid

INTRODUCTION TO THE TEXT
THE YOUNG WARRIORS
  1. Title explanation: The title of the book is The Young warriors. The title refers to 5 young boys who train to become a Young Warrior.
  2. Author: Victor Stafford Reid (1 May 1913 – 25 August 1987) was a Jamaican writer born in Kingston, Jamaica, who wrote with an intent of influencing the younger generations. He was awarded the silver and gold Musgrave Medals, the Order of Jamaica and the Norman Manley Award for Excellence in Literature in 1981. He was the author of several novels, three of which were aimed towards children, one play production, and several short stories.
  3. Type of book: West Indian (Postcolonial Literature)
  4. Period written: In the 1960’s
  5. Theme: War
  6. Characters: Main Characters: Tommy, Johnny, Charlie, David and Uriah.
  7. Sub Characters: Chief Phillip, Juan de Bolas, Chief James, Captain Dick, Peter, Jim, John.
  8. Setting: Trelawny Town and in the Mountains
  9. Length of the story: a few months
  10. Motives: Hatred (between The Maroons and The Redcoats)
  11. Point of view: Third Person
Synopsis
The Young Warriors is a Jamaican novel by author Victor Stafford Reid, published in 1967.

Five teenage boys, members of a band of Maroons (runaway slaves in Jamaica during the 19th to early 20th century) living in the Maroon community of Mountain Top, pass their village's initiation tests for them to be recognized as young Maroon warriors. However, when they go out into the woods for a celebratory hunt as per their custom, they inadvertently discover that the British Redcoat soldiers, nemeses of the Maroons, are patrolling within the area.

What follows is a daring attempt by two of the boys, Tommy and Johnny, to seek aid from a neighbouring Maroon band to prevent the Redcoats from learning Mountain Top's location, a mission that doubles in urgency with every passing hour.

The novel was published by Pearson Schools, and is used in Jamaican [and other regional and extraregional] schools as an English Literature textbook. While the story itself is fictional in nature, it provides a view of the historical facts pertaining to the struggle between the Maroons and the Redcoats in Jamaica.

A selection of video presentations on the Maroons in Jamaica and the British Redcoats:
[should difficulties arise with videos, use links provided]

Jamaican Maroons on CACE INT'L TV


The British Redcoats


Nanny Town Rediscovered


Akwantu the Journey Official Trailer

A character sketch of the five young warriors:
  • Charlie—round character—jealous, boastful, dishonest, careless and fearful at first then he became selfless and brave at the end.
  • Uriah & David—flat characters; David-a great storyteller. Brave. He risked his life, telling a story to a group of Redcoat soldiers so that Tommy could free Charlie who was previously captured by the Redcoats.
  • Johnny—Brave; selfless (risked his life for his village); a keen listener; very attuned to his surroundings; thoughtful/pensive and perceptive.
  • Tommy—main Protagonist; brave; skillful (won most of the tests); selfless (risked his life for his village); dependable (the Chief trusted him and Johnny to go to Mocho Mountain and ask them for help; thoughtful (didn't want to hurt Charlie's feelings after he found out that Charlie had cheated on the run to Lookout Rock.

Tropes/Themes present in The Young Warriors:
  • Big Eater: David.
  • Intimidating/Tough Grandpa: Chief Phillip.
  • Batman Gambit: The whole plot to distract the Redcoats while Tommy and Johnny slip through their lines to seek out help from the Mocho Maroons. The later set-up for the Starapple Gully ambush becomes this as well.
  • Cold-Blooded Torture: The captain of the Redcoat army threatens to do this to get both the location of Mountain Top and the plans to summon the Mocho Maroons.
  • Commander Contrarian: Charlie.
  • Chekhov's Skill: David's storytelling ability, used early in the novel to entertain the boys during their night out hunting.
  • Death Glare: Charlie's father gives him one when he initially fails to answer Chief Phillip's questions during the question-and-answer session of the initial trials. This is largely because the boys have had to study their people's history for some time prior to the day of the trials. If a boy fails to answer the questions correctly, he has to wait a whole year before he can try again to become a young warrior (and if he fails the second time, he'll never become one).
  • Dishonest Dastardly Stops to Cheat: Charlie, during the final test in the initial chapters, disobeys the rules of the foot-race by eating food and then turning back without completing the full length of the race.
  • Five-Man Band: The five central protagonists.
The Hero: Tommy
o The Lancer: Johnny/Charlie
o The Big Guy: David
o The Smart Guy: Uriah
o The Wise One / The Heart & Soul: Johnny
o The Lancer: Johnny/Charlie
o The Big Guy: David
o The Smart Guy: Uriah
o The Wise One / The Heart & Soul: Johnny

  • Full-Boar Action: Tommy and Johnny come across a wild boar during their mission, and have to climb a tree to try and escape from him.
  • Hidden in Plain Sight: All Maroons are trained to blend in with the forest surroundings to avoid detection; they do this by wearing leaves on their bodies, so that they appear to be small trees when they stand up next to the genuine articles. The five boys use this on one occasion to hide in the open from a Redcoat soldier.
  • Improbable Aiming Skills: While all Maroons are trained to have good aim when using knives, slings and bows, Tommy and Uriah get to show their skills during the initiation trials to qualify them as young warriors. In one of the tests, the boys are expected to shoot arrows through four holes that decrease in size with each target; while the other boys either miss the last target or have their arrows damaged while passing through it (in Charlie's case), Tommy manages to get his arrow through all the holes without a problem. In the knife-throwing tests, they have to throw knives at a bull's-eye target and at a naseberry fruit that's been thrown into the air; regarding the second test, Uriah is the only one to send his knife right through the fruit and cause the knife to land on its point.
  • Obnoxious: Charlie. He matures.
  • Oh, Crap!: Tommy and Johnny's reaction on realizing they've stumbled upon a wild boar's den. They quickly scramble to find a tree to climb to get out of the pig's way before he charges out of his hole.
  • Reasonable Authority Figure: Chief Phillip, and the war captain Dick. Also, Chief James of the Mocho Maroons.
  • The Resenter: Charlie is this for much of the novel. He feels that he, not Tommy, should have been selected to lead the boys on their celebratory hunt by virtue of being the oldest and "winning" the hardest of the four initiation tests (Tommy was selected because he won two of the four), and later feels that he, not Tommy and Johnny, should have been sent to find the Mocho Maroons.
  • Secret Secret-Keeper: Tommy and Johnny, witnessing Charlie's cheating during the foot-race, keep it to themselves for most of the novel, with Tommy later and briefly revealing this knowledge to Charlie during a Shut Up, Hannibal! moment.
  • Stealth Hi/Bye: Those Maroons who have sufficient training can do this. David later utilizes this during his Crowning Moment of Awesome.
  • Jul 24, 2012 Shulonie Mccalla
Tommy and Johnny are my favourite characters, the way they proved outstanding bravery.
  • Apr 20, 2010 Jacy-ann Stewart
I love it… the adventures, the skill, the expertise that the Maroons used to fool the Redcoats… but I wonder how comes Charlie became a hero in the end~this is my school’s literature book.
  • Apr 12, 2011 Lilleka
I loved this book and I thought that it was nice for the Maroons to defeat the Redcoats.
  • May 27, 2014 Nickeisha Senior
It was fun. Johnny rules!
  • May 30, 2014 Jennifer Fitzgerald
I think the book is awesome. I would suggest it to everybody who likes to read. I had to read it for English Lit for school. So awesome!
  • Nov 03, 2013 Abigail Allen
It was very boring. Although it was about a warrior, it could have been more exciting, shorter, and spicier.
  • Feb 03, 2017 Zoeyryan13hotmail.Com
It’s really interesting. I love it. My teacher read it for literature.
  • May 28, 2016 Reader
I read an earlier edition of this book in school in the early 70s. It led my mother to tell us more about the 'Maroons' as her grandfather told her. The interesting thing about this book, short as the story is, it contain more truths than the primary history text schools were 'given' back then.
  • Dec 31, 2013 Amber
I THINK THIS BOOK IS VERY AWFUL BECAUSE EVERYTHING FOR ENGLISH B IS ONLY YOUNG WARRIORS. I AM JUST FED UP SEEING, WORKING AND READING THIS BOOK. LOL.
  • Mar 20, 2014 Najwha Clarke
Love it… one of my best-read books from 1st Form in high school… real page-turner… could not stop reading 'till it end.

Sunday, 19 February 2017

Dreams of my Fathers

Martin Luther King, Jr.
Delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington, D.C.
[should difficulty arise with video, use link provided]


Click on video above [or on link below] to view "I Have a Dream" speech by Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.



AUTHENTICITY CERTIFIED: Text version below transcribed directly from audio.

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.

Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.

But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.

In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds."

But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.

We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.

But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.

The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.

We cannot walk alone.

And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead.

We cannot turn back.

There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro’s basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their self-hood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating: "For Whites Only." We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote.
No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until "justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream."¹



I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.

Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends.

And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

I have a dream today!

I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullification" -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.

I have a dream today!

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together."2

This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with.

With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.

And this will be the day -- this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning:

My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing.
Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride,
From every mountainside, let freedom ring!

And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.



And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.

Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.

Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.

Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California.

But not only that:

Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi.

From every mountainside, let freedom ring.

And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:

Free at last! Free at last!
Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!3


¹ Amos 5:24 (rendered precisely in The American Standard Version of the Holy Bible).
2 Isaiah 40:4-5 (King James Version of the Holy Bible). Quotation marks are excluded from part of this moment in the text because King's rendering of Isaiah 40:4 does not precisely follow the KJV version from which he quotes (e.g., "hill" and "mountain" are reversed in the KJV). King's rendering of Isaiah 40:5, however, is precisely quoted from the KJV.
3 At: http://www.negrospirituals.com/news-song/free_at_last_from.htm
Also in this database: Martin Luther King, Jr: A Time to Break Silence
Audio Source: YouTube.com
Audio Note: AR-XE = American Rhetoric Extreme Enhancement
External Link: http://www.mlkmemorial.org/
External Link: http://www.thekingcenter.org/
Copyright Status
Copyright inquiries and permission requests may be directed to:
Estate of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr
Intellectual Properties Management
One Freedom Plaza
449 Auburn Avenue NE
Atlanta, GA 30312
Fax: 404-526-8969









A life-time of labour is worth it all if it rescues just one more soul.

OOW
2017

Short Video on Paragraph Writing

Click on video above [or link below] to view lesson on paragraph writing

OOW
2017